About this Library
As part of our training programs in Systems Engineering, i.e. MIL-STD-810H, RTCA-DO-160G, Applied Vibration Testing, MIL-STD-461G, etc., this page provides additional information on the standards and documents, which are very useful while developing systems, equipment, and/or devices for specific platforms.
This part of the library is specifically used with our RTCA-DO-160G training as supplementary reference and guidance.
FAA Handbooks & Guides
Filename (PDF Files) | Title/Description |
FAA-H-8083-2-RM-Handbook | FAA, Risk Management Handbook, 2022. |
FAA_SEM_V1x0_19JUN2014 | FAA, Systems Engineering Manual (Ver 1.0.1) (19-JUN-2014) |
FAA-REM HDBK - ar-08-32 2009 | FAA, Requirements Engineering Management Handbook. 2009. DOT/FAA/AR-08/32. |
FAA-Aircraft Materials Fire Test HDBK | FAA, Aircraft Materials Fire Test Handbook. DOT/FAA/AR-00/12. April 2000. |
FAA_66184_LightnProt | FAA, Lightning Protection of Aircraft Handbook, 2022. |
FAA_62663_Lightning-Composite | FAA, Research on Lightning Strike of Composite Structures, 2022. |
MEL-Demo-Initial-Issue-20121026 | FAA, Minimum Equipment List (MEL), Sample Operator for Sample Aircraft, 2016. |
MMEL_SE_Rev_2_Draft | FAA, Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL), Single Engine Airplanes |
2023-amtg_handbook | FAA, Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook –General, 2023. |
FAA-H-8083-16B | FAA, Instrument Procedures Handbook. 2017. |
faa-h-8083-25c | FAA, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. 2023. |
AMT_HDBK-Chp14-HumanFactors | FAA, AMT_ Handbook Addendum, Chapter 14, Human Factors |
ADA325978-DOT-FAA-AR-96-75 | FAA, Handbook: Manufacturing Advanced Composite Components for Airframes, 1997. |
FAA-SystSafety-15-Oper.RiskManag | FAA, System Safety Handbook, Chapter 15: Operational Risk Management. 2000. |
FAA Orders
Filename (PDF Files) | Title/Description |
FAA_Order_6200.4G | National Policy: National Test Equipment Program Management. Effective Date: 03/08/2010. |
5300.7 | Standard Naming Convention for Aircraft Landing Gear Configurations. Effective Date: October 6, 2005 |
FAA_Order_8260.3F | United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) |
FAA_Order_8110.37F | National Policy: Designated Engineering Representative (DER) Handbook. 08/31/2017. |
FAA/EASA Regulations
Filename (PDF Files) | Title/Description |
7300_orig (Chicago Convention) | 1944 Chicago Convention. Convention on International Civil Aviation Done at Chicago on the 7th Day of December 1944. |
CFR-2024-title14-vol5 | Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 14 Aeronautics and Space. Part 1200 to End Revised as of January 1, 2024 |
14 CFR Part 21 (5-08-2024) | 14 CFR Part 21 FAA Certification Procedures for Products and Articles |
14 CFR Part 23 (5-08-2024) | 14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Airplanes |
14 CFR Part 25 (5-08-2024) | 14 CFR Part 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes |
14 CFR Part 26 (5-08-2024) | 14 CFR Part 26 Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements for Transport Category Airplanes |
14 CFR Part 27 (5-08-2024) | 14 CFR Part 27 Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft |
14 CFR Part 29 (5-08-2024) | 14 CFR Part 29 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft |
14 CFR Part 33 (5-08-2024) | 14 CFR Part 33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines |
14 CFR Part 34 (5-08-2024) | 14 CFR Part 34 Fuel Venting and Exhaust Emission Requirements for Turbine Engine Powered... |
14 CFR Part 35 (5-08-2024) | 14 CFR Part 35 Airworthiness Standards: Propellers |
14 CFR Part 36 (5-08-2024) | 14 CFR Part 36 Noise Standards: Aircraft Type and Airworthiness Certification |
14 CFR Part 38 (5-08-2024) | 14 CFR Part 38 Airplane Fuel Efficiency Certification |
FAA Advisory Circulars
FAA Advisory Circulars (ACs) are informational documents published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to provide guidance and recommendations on various aviation-related topics. Although they are not legally binding regulations, they offer valuable insights into how to comply with FAA regulations and standards.
Key points about FAA Advisory Circulars:
- Purpose:
- Provide a standardized and easily understood method for complying with regulations.
- Clarify and explain complex regulations.
- Offer best practices and recommendations for improving safety and efficiency.
- Help the aviation industry and the FAA implement regulations effectively.
- Content:
- May cover a wide range of topics, including aircraft certification, pilot training, maintenance procedures, air traffic control, and airport operations.
- Often include background information, explanations, illustrations, and examples to help users understand and apply the information.
- Legal Status:
- Non-regulatory, meaning they are not legally binding unless specifically referenced in a regulation.
- However, they are often used as a basis for compliance and enforcement actions by the FAA.
- Structure and Numbering:
- Organized into a numbered subject system that corresponds to the subject areas of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 14, Chapter 1.
- For example, AC 20-135 deals with the certification and operation of commuter and on-demand operations.
- Access:
- Available for free on the FAA website: https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/
- Can also be ordered in print from the Government Printing Office.
Examples of FAA Advisory Circulars:
- AC 00-6b, Aviation Weather: Provides information on weather hazards, observations, forecasts, and services for pilots.
- AC 150/5300-13, Airport Design: Offers guidance on airport planning, design, and construction.
- AC 65-15A, Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics General Handbook: A comprehensive guide for aircraft mechanics.
Why are FAA Advisory Circulars important?
- Promote Standardization: ACs help ensure consistency in the application of regulations across the aviation industry.
- Enhance Safety: They provide valuable safety information and best practices to pilots, mechanics, and other aviation professionals.
- Simplify Compliance: ACs make it easier for individuals and organizations to understand and comply with complex regulations.
- Resolve Misunderstandings: They clarify ambiguous or confusing aspects of regulations.
List of Important FAA Advisory Circulars
AC_20-135_with_change_1. | Powerplant Installation and Propulsion System Component Fire Protection Test Methods, Standards, and Criteria. Date: 10/11/2018. |
AC_20-136B | Aircraft Electrical and Electronic System Lightning Protection. Date: 9/7/11. |
AC_20-138D_w/Chng1&2 | Airworthiness Approval of Positioning and Navigation Systems. Date: 4/7/16. |
AC_20-152A | Development Assurance for Airborne Electronic Hardware |
AC_20-158A | The Certification of Aircraft Electrical and Electronic Systems for Operation in the High-intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Environment. Date: 05/30/14. |
AC_21-16G | RTCA Document DO-160 versions D, E, F, and G, “Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment”. |
AC_21-22 | Injury Criteria for Human Exposure to Impact. Date: 6/20/85. |
AC_21-34 | Shoulder Harness- Safety Belt Installations. Date: 6/4/93 |
AC-21-41A | Replacing MIL-S-8879C With SAE AS8879. Screw Threads. |
AC-21-45 | Commercial Parts - for design approval holders (DAHs). Date: 09/29/2010. |
AC 21-48 | Using Electronic Modeling Systems as Primary Type Design Data. Date: 10/29/10 |
AC_21-50 | Installation of technical standard order authorization (TSOA) Articles and TSO letter of design approval (LODA) Appliances. Date: 02/28/2011. |
AC_25_1309-1A | System Design and Analysis. Date: 6/21/88 |
AC_25-7D | Flight Test Guide for Certification of Transport Category Airplanes. Date: 05/04/2018. |
AC_33_17-1A | Engine Fire Protection § 33.17. |

RTCA Standard Documents
RTCA, Inc. (formerly known as Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics) is a United States non-profit organization that develops technical guidance for use by government regulatory authorities and by industry. It was founded in 1935 and was re-incorporated in 1991 as a private not-for-profit corporation. It has over 20 active committees with multiple working groups under each committee and develops industry standards in cooperation with aviation regulators from around the world including the FAA.
The documents of RTCA include:
- Operational Services and Environment Definition (OSED) Document the environment in which equipment will operate
- Operational, Safety, & Performance Requirements (SPR)
- Operational Safety Assessment (OSA); Operational Performance Assessment (OPA) (Communication, Navigation, Surveillance)
- Interoperability Requirements (INTEROP)
- Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS)
- Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) Assuring equipment will perform its intended functions
List of RTCA Standard Documents
Filename | Title/Description |
DO-160 | Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment |
DO-178C |
Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification |
DO-219 | Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for aircraft equipment required for Air Traffic Control (ATC) Two-Way Data Link Communications (TWDL) services. |
DO-232 | An air traffic control software standard. Flight Information Services (FIS) is the non-control information pilots need to operate internationally in the US National Airspace System (NAS). The timely, efficient exchange of FIS data is required for safety, efficiency, and utility in aircraft operations. Pilots, flight planners (e.g., pilots, dispatchers, schedulers), and controllers all need accurate, timely FIS data to plan (or re-plan) and assess the execution of flight operations. |
RTCA DO-254 | EUROCAE ED-80, Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware, is a document that provides guidance for the development of airborne electronic hardware.The guidance in this document is applicable, but not limited, to such electronic hardware items as
|
DO-297 |
Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) Development Guidance and Certification Considerations |
What are the RTCA minimum performance standards?
Here's a breakdown of the main types of RTCA MPS:
1. Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS)
- Focus: These standards define the minimum performance requirements for specific avionics equipment. They ensure that the equipment will operate safely and reliably in the intended environment.
- Examples: MOPS for GPS receivers, weather radar, collision avoidance systems, and flight management systems.
- Usage: Often used by manufacturers when designing and certifying avionics equipment. They can also be referenced in Technical Standard Orders (TSOs), which are FAA approvals for specific types of aviation equipment.
2. Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS)
- Focus: These standards define the overall performance requirements for a complete aviation system, including ground-based and airborne components. They ensure that the system will operate safely and efficiently as a whole.
- Examples: MASPS for Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), and Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS).
- Usage: Used by system developers, regulators, and service providers to ensure interoperability and compatibility between different components of the aviation system.
3. Other Standards and Guidance Documents
- Focus: RTCA also develops other types of standards and guidance documents, such as:
- Operational Services and Environment Definition (OSED): Describes the operational environment in which the system or equipment will be used.
- Operational, Safety, & Performance Requirements (SPR): Defines the required safety and performance levels for the system.
- Interoperability Requirements (INTEROP): Ensures that different systems and equipment can work together seamlessly.
Why are RTCA Minimum Performance Standards important?
- Enhance Safety: They ensure that aviation systems and equipment meet rigorous safety standards.
- Promote Interoperability: They facilitate compatibility between different systems and equipment, enabling seamless integration and operation.
- Support Global Harmonization: RTCA standards are often adopted by international organizations like ICAO, promoting harmonization of aviation standards worldwide.
- Facilitate Technological Advancement: They provide a framework for developing and implementing new technologies in aviation.
Examples of the RTCA Minimum Performance Standards
Some of the standards are listed here for example. Purchasing of the standards are through the RTCA Product Website and Training Documents.
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DO-178C - Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification: Provides recommendations for the production of software for airborne systems and equipment that performs its intended function with a level of confidence in safety that complies with airworthiness requirements. Compliance with the objectives of DO-178C is the primary means of obtaining approval of software used in civil aviation products. Errata has been prepared against DO-178C.
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DO-204B - Minimum Operational Performance Standard for Aircraft Emergency Locator Transmitters 406 MHz: Provides industry requirements for navigation databases for aeronautical use by identified applications. This document attempts to state the information requirements for users. The expectation is that navigation data originators, navigation data providers, and application integrators would use this document when providing those data to system designers and/or users. This document provides an industry recommended basis for DQRs to facilitate end user development in support of an intended function.
This revision refines the scope to navigation data, provides an overview of Performance Based Navigation (PBN) and System Wide Information Management (SWIM) concepts in relation to navigation data, defines a data catalog, expands the set of data quality requirements, and provides new guidance on procedure design and coding. It addresses applications and related data needs that have emerged since the last revision. Definitions were also reviewed and updated throughout the document to maintain compatibility with other database and data processing standards. -
DO-227B - Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Non-Rechargeable Lithium Batteries: Provides updated design, testing, and installation guidance for non-rechargeable lithium batteries battery systems, and end items which are permanently installed on aircraft or used in aviation. The intent of this standard is to assist equipment designers and manufacturers in the selection of non-rechargeable cells and battery systems whose safety and performance have been demonstrated as appropriate to the aviation environment.
- DO-254 - Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware: Intended to help aircraft manufacturers and the suppliers of aircraft electronic systems assure that electronic airborne equipment safely performs its intended function. The document identifies design life cycle processes for hardware that includes line replaceable units, circuit board assemblies, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices, etc. It also characterizes the objective of the design life cycle processes and offers a means of complying with certification requirements.
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DO-262F – Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Avionics Supporting Next Generation Satellite Systems (GNSS): Contains minimum operational performance standards (MOPS) for avionics that provide Aeronautical Mobile Satellite (R) Services (AMS(R)S) by means of satellite communications technologies scheduled to become operational in context of the global and regional ATM and CNS modernization (e.g. ICAO/Global Air Navigation Plan, Europe/SESAR, US/NextGen). Previous release included an appendix containing normative requirements for Inmarsat equipment. This revision includes the addition of an appendix which contained normative requirements for Iridium Certus AMS(R)S equipment.
A companion document DO-343(), Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS) for the Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite (R) Service (AMS(R)S) as Used in Aeronautical Data Links, should be consulted for operational requirements at the air/ground system level, and for details of specific systems providing AMS(R)S. -
DO-294C - Guidance on Allowing Transmitting Portable Electronic Devices (T-PEDS) on Aircraft: Provides the results of work on dialog with consumer electronics manufacturers' associations on consensus recommendations for facilitating safe use of PEDs onboard aircraft. Further, the document incorporates the previously released Change 1 to DO-294B, and addresses changes to align with the work done for DO-307. Changes were made to introductory materials in Appendix 5.B, Appendix 5.C, Appendix 6.D, and Appendix 10. The document addresses near-term T-PED technologies such as existing devices enabled with cellular technologies, wireless local area networks (WLANS), and wireless personal area networks (WPANS) as well as emerging PED technologies, for example active RF Identification (RFID) tags, transmitting medical devices, and picocells for devices enabled by cellular technologies for use on board aircraft. The document defines and recommends a process by which aircraft operators and/or manufacturers may assess the risk if interference due to a specific T-PED technology within any aircraft type and model It also provides a means for aviation authorities and others to determine acceptable and enforceable policies and processes for passenger and crew use of T-PEDs.
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DO-311 - Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Rechargeable Lithium Battery Systems: Contains Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for rechargeable Lithium battery systems to be used as permanently installed power sources on aircraft. Compliance with these standards is recommended as a means of assuring that the Lithium battery will perform its intended function(s) safely, under conditions normally encountered in aeronautical operations. These standards apply to the chemical composition, cell size, cell construction, cell interconnection methods within batteries, venting provisions, operational and storage environments, packaging, handling, test, storage and disposal of rechargeable Lithium batteries, installed separately or in avionics equipment aboard aircraft.
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DO-317C Change 1 - Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for Aircraft Surveillance Applications (ASA) System: The update to the Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for Aircraft Surveillance Applications (ASA) System, published by RTCA in June 2020 as RTCA DO-317C, is contained herein as Change 1 to RTCA DO-317C, and has been produced to reflect changes that have resulted in data discrepancies and document deficiencies. This Change 1 to RTCA DO-317C mainly adds CDTI Assisted Visual Separation (CAVS) application requirements to align with TSO C195c. As well, editorial changes have been made as identified in the SC-186 WG 4 White Paper Summary of ADS-B In Discussion Group Activities as published in 2023.
- DO-326B - Airworthiness Security Process Specification: The guidance of this document adds to current guidance for aircraft certification to handle the threat of Intentional Unauthorized Electronic Interaction (IUEI) to aircraft safety. It adds data requirements and compliance objectives, as organized by generic activities for aircraft development and certification, to handle the threat of IUEI to aircraft safety. It can be used to support aircraft and system certification for aircraft information security considerations under EASA AMC 20-42 for CS-E 50, CS-P 230 and CS 25.1319 and the upcoming FAA rules for 14 CFR 25.1319, 33.28 and 35.23.
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DO-351B Change 1 - Interoperability Requirements Standard for Baseline 2 ATS Data Communications (Baseline 2 Interop Standard): The update to the Interoperability Requirements Standard For Baseline 2 ATS Data Communication, ATN (Baseline 2 Interop Standard) has been produced to reflect changes that have resulted in data discrepancies and document deficiencies. This Change 1 to RTCA DO-351B adds the use case for responding to a contract request with the reason code "contract number already in use"; updates the note content to point to the new link for the supplemental material; corrects the CPDLC Message Set Version 4 ASN.1; corrects the ADS-C Message Set Version 3 ASN.1; and updates the CPDLC uplink Message elements and ADS-C messages and parameters P/OICS.
- DO-353B Change 1 - Interopeability Requirements Standard for Baseline 2 ATS Data Communications, ATN Baseline 1 Accommodation: Complements DO-353B, Interoperability Requirements Standard for Baseline 2 ATS Data Communications, ATN Baseline 1 Accommodation (ATN Baseline 1 - Baseline 2 INTEROP Standard) (February 2024). The changes in this document are intended to address consistency with DO-351B Change 1 ASN.1 and ASN.1 compilation issues. CHAPTER 5, the ASN.1 Message set, is published additionally as a separate zip file containing one plain text file for the CPDLC message set to facilitate the implementation of the messages in systems. This message set can be downloaded from the RTCA Store.
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DO-361A - MOPS for Flight-Deck Interval Management (FIM): Contains the Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for Flight-deck Interval Management (FIM). These requirements build on those described in the MOPS for the Aircraft Surveillance Applications (ASA) System, RTCA DO-317C / EUROCAE ED-194B, but are documented separately due to their length and complexity. The requirements in this document are assumed to be integrated in an ASA System that is compliant with all requirements related to the Basic Airborne Situational Awareness (AIRB) application (defined in DO-317C / ED-194B), unless explicitly stated otherwise.
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DO-365C - Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for Detect and Avoid (DAA) Systems: Contains MOPS for DAA systems used in aircraft transiting and performing extended operations in Class D, E, and G airspace along with transiting Class B and C airspace. It includes equipment to enable UAS operations near Terminal Areas during approach and departure in Class C, D, E, and G airspace, and off-airport locations, but not operating in the visual traffic pattern or on the surface. It does not apply to small UAS (under 55 pounds (lbs)) operating in low-level environments (below 400') or other segmented areas.
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DO-376 – Minimum Operational Performance Standard (MOPS) for Offshore Helicopter Terrain Awareness & Warning System (HTAWS), Helicopter Terrain Awareness Warning System: Defines the Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for an Offshore Helicopter Terrain Awareness and Warning System (Offshore HTAWS). It implements “classic” alerting modes similar to DO-367 TAWS, which is based on recommendations in UK CAA CAP1519 - Offshore Helicopter Terrain Awareness Warning System Alert Envelopes. This MOPS includes Offshore HTAWS functional requirements and not specific equipment requirements. The functionality can be imbedded within existing aircraft systems or in dedicated equipment.
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DO-397 - Guidance Material: Navigation Gaps for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS): Lays the initial groundwork to identify gaps in the navigation systems and standards that if filled may better support UAS operations. While all possible future UAS operations is a very broad topic, to limit scope and provide near term focus, this document intentionally is focused on identifying navigation gaps associated with near term IFR and VFR-like planned path UAS operations for higher risk category fixed wing aircraft operating in and out of traditional airports.
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DO-406 - Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Ultra High Frequency Airborne Radio Systems Supporting UAS C2 Link Systems: Constructed to provide generic standards for any UHF Airborne Radio System (ARS) using the UHF Band. The UHF ARS is part of a C2 Link System as described in RTCA DO-377() [3]. Specific requirements for C2 Communication Service Providers (C2CSP) offering service over licensed UHF spectrum are contained in normative appendices to this MOPS that specify the specific minimum standards that are required to be compatible with the service offered.
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DO-408 - Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS) for Enhanced Vision Systems and Enhanced Flight Vision Systems: This document refines and expands the previously defined requirements for Enhanced Vision Systems (EVS) and Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS).
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DO-407 - Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS) for Synthetic Vision Systems, Synthetic Vision Guidance Systems and Combined Vision Systems: Refines and expands the previously defined requirements for Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS), Aircraft State Awareness Synthetic Vision Systems (ASA SVS), Synthetic Vision Guidance Systems (SVGS), and Combined Visions Systems (CVS) for the head down displays (HDD) and head up display (HUD).